Library services enriching community engagement for dementia care: The Tales & Travels Program at a Canadian Public Library as a case study.

Growing dementia-friendly library services are contributing to community-based dementia care. Emerging community programs in libraries and museums provide notable opportunities for promoting engagement and inclusivity, but these programs have yet to receive in-depth assessments and analyses to guide future research and practice. This paper presents a case study examining a social and storytelling program for people with dementia run by a Canadian public library. It investigates two research questions: How can public library programs contribute to community-based dementia care? And what are public libraries' strengths and challenges in running programs for people with dementia? The study involves participant observations of the program and semi-structured interviews with people with dementia, caregivers, and program facilitators (librarians and Alzheimer Society coordinators). Through thematic analysis of fieldnotes and transcripts, the study reveals how this inclusive platform supports engagement, fosters relationships, helps caregivers, and reaches broader communities. This research further uncovers the librarians' diversified roles as demonstrated through their collaboration with professionals, preparation and research, and facilitation of the sessions. This paper advances librarianship research on enriching community-based dementia care, including furthering inclusivity and engagement and extending accessible library services. By analyzing library programming for the dementia community and assessing its strengths and challenges, the paper highlights librarians' awareness of the community's evolving needs and their collaboration with other professionals. It offers practical insights on useful resources and emerging best practices that will hopefully inspire other initiatives in which information professionals can help improve the well-being of vulnerable populations.

A characterization of clinical questions asked by rehabilitation therapists.

OBJECTIVE: This study explored the information needs of rehabilitation therapists (occupational therapists, physical therapists, and speech-language pathologists) working with patients who have had strokes in order to characterize their clinical questions, defined as their formalized information needs arising in the context of everyday clinical practice. METHODS: The researchers took a constructivist, interpretive approach, in which fifteen rehabilitation therapists working in various settings were recruited. Data were gathered using diaries, followed by diary-guided interviews, and thematically analyzed using template analysis. RESULTS: Rehabilitation therapists' clinical questions were characterized as having one or more of twelve foci and containing one or more of eight possible structural elements. CONCLUSIONS: Findings demonstrate that the evidence-based practice framework currently applied for questions relating to rehabilitation is inadequate for representing rehabilitation therapists' clinical questions. A new framework that is more comprehensive and descriptive is proposed. IMPLICATIONS: Librarians working with students and clinicians in rehabilitation can employ knowledge of the twelve foci and the question structure for rehabilitation to guide the reference interview. Instruction on question formulation in evidence-based practice can employ the revised structure for rehabilitation, offering students and clinicians an alternative to the traditional patient, intervention, comparison, outcome (PICO) structure. Information products, including bibliographic databases and synopsis services, can tailor their interfaces according to question foci and prompt users to enter search terms corresponding to any of the eight possible elements found in rehabilitation therapists' clinical questions.

Combining classifiers for robust PICO element detection.

BACKGROUND: Formulating a clinical information need in terms of the four atomic parts which are Population/Problem, Intervention, Comparison and Outcome (known as PICO elements) facilitates searching for a precise answer within a large medical citation database. However, using PICO defined items in the information retrieval process requires a search engine to be able to detect and index PICO elements in the collection in order for the system to retrieve relevant documents. METHODS: In this study, we tested multiple supervised classification algorithms and their combinations for detecting PICO elements within medical abstracts. Using the structural descriptors that are embedded in some medical abstracts, we have automatically gathered large training/testing data sets for each PICO element. RESULTS: Combining multiple classifiers using a weighted linear combination of their prediction scores achieves promising results with an f-measure score of 86.3% for P, 67% for I and 56.6% for O. CONCLUSIONS: Our experiments on the identification of PICO elements showed that the task is very challenging. Nevertheless, the performance achieved by our identification method is competitive with previously published results and shows that this task can be achieved with a high accuracy for the P element but lower ones for I and O elements.

Clinical information behavior of rehabilitation therapists: a review of the research on occupational therapists, physical therapists, and speech-language pathologists.

OBJECTIVES: The review sought to synthesize existing research relevant to rehabilitation therapists' clinical information behavior and to identify gaps in evidence, particularly in comparison to what is already known about the information behavior of other health professionals, such as physicians. METHODS: A literature review was conducted of both quantitative and qualitative research studies that included information on the clinical information behavior of occupational therapists, physical therapists, and speech-language pathologists. Findings were organized according to a taxonomy of variables derived from the literature. RESULTS: Findings from seventeen studies, mostly surveys, conducted since 1990 demonstrate that very little is known about the clinical information needs of and information use by rehabilitation therapists. The sources most often consulted by rehabilitation therapists are printed materials (books and journals) and colleagues. Databases are consulted less often, and few rehabilitation therapists are aware of databases other than MEDLINE. DISCUSSION: Methodological flaws limit the generalizability and validity of much of the research conducted on the clinical information behavior of this population. More research is needed to better understand the clinical questions that arise in rehabilitation therapists' practice, reasons for consulting certain sources, and ways in which information seeking enhances evidence-based practice.

Seven reasons why health professionals search clinical information-retrieval technology (CIRT): toward an organizational model.

RATIONALE AND AIM: Clinical Information-Retrieval Technology (CIRT) is increasingly used, for example in accessing drug databases. However, no comprehensive framework exists to understand why health professionals search for information using CIRT. The present article aims to propose such organizational framework. BACKGROUND: Our literature review suggests six reasons, of which three refer to cognitive objectives (C1, C2, C3) and three to organizational objectives (O1, O2, O3): (C1) to answer-solve-support a clinical question-problem-decision; (C2) to fulfil an educational-research objective; (C3) to search in general or for curiosity; (O1) to share information with patients; (O2) to exchange information with other health professionals; (O3) to plan-manage-monitor tasks with other health professionals. METHODS: The case study examined the use and impact of the InfoRetriever software on handheld computers in a Canadian family practice centre. Using the Critical Incident Technique, six family doctors were interviewed on specific events. A thematic analysis assigned extracts of interviews to reasons for use. FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION: Findings illustrate the six reasons, and suggest a seventh reason that refers to a cognitive objective, namely (C4) to overcome the limits of health professional memory. These seven reasons are interpreted according to the literature on information science and organization studies, which suggest ordering reasons at three levels of stimulation of learning and knowledge: none (objective not achieved), moderate (cognitive objective achieved), and high (organizational objective achieved). This paves the way toward a new evaluation of relevance of CIRT in everyday practice (judgement based on professionals' objective achievement) using an organizational model of information-retrieving processes.